Research, Higher Education, and Innovation

In this chapter we discuss scientific research and higher education. New knowledge in the fields of science and technology often has a positive effect on the wealth of nations. Consider, for instance, the discovery of radar that after military applications turned out to also facilitate transportation. However, new knowledge may also have non-economic social consequences. When knowledge promotes the attainment of goals like safety, public health, or a clean environment, that also is part of innovation. Many scientists are particularly motivated by such societal goals.